US Patent 5,301,316 Charles Landau (clandau@macslab.com)
Sun, 18 Apr 1999 11:50:31 -0700

You might be interested in this patent owned by Sun, titled "System for determination of the equivalence of two objects without compromising them done by a third object nominated by one and accepted by the other".

I happened to run across this and was a little surprised that there was enough interest in this field to file a patent. I would consider it obvious, but maybe I have more than ordinary skill in the field. It comes from the Muse work (OSR v.25 n.2 p.27).

The problem to be solved is this. Two objects jointly define a notion of "equivalence" between them (it could be any relationship). You want to determine whether two arbitrary objects A and B are equivalent. You can't just pass B to A asking "Are you equivalent to this?", because you don't trust A not to misuse B, that is you don't want to give A the authority to use B.

The title pretty much says it. The method is: Ask A to nominate an object C to perform the comparison. (A returns an object C that has the authority to look at A's internals, but will not do anything but compare.) Then ask B whether it concurs with the nomination of C. (B will concur only if it recognizes C and trusts it not to misuse authority. If A and B are indeed related, C will have the authority to look a B's internals as well as A's.) If B concurs, ask C to perform the comparison, passing B and A.

An obvious simplification is: Ask A to return an object C that refers to A but will only compare. (C is a weakened proxy for A.) Then ask B whether it is equivalent to the object for which C is a proxy. If B recognizes C and can open it up, it can do the comparison.